Pool Table Buyers Guide
When choosing a pool table, there are several questions that
you must first answer for yourself.
These questions are geared to several
different categories.
Text-only Guide Brunswick Buyers Guide
SIZE
- How big is the room in which I wish to place the table?
- What size table do I have room for?
- What size table do I wish to own?
STYLE/WOOD
Am I buying this table...
- For the kids to use?
- For the adults to use?
- As a piece of furniture?
What wood type and/or wood stain would be best in my room?
QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION
- SLATE
A. How many pieces?
B. How thick is the slate?
C. Is the slate framed or unframed?
D. How is the slate attached to the table?
- RAIL CONSTRUCTION
A. Type of cushions
B. Sub Rail
C. Rail Cap
D. Frame Construction
- APRONS
A. How thick is the material used for the aprons?
B. How do the aprons mount to the table?
C. Are the aprons screwed into the rail, or do they use mounting blocks/brackets?
- POCKETS
A. What style of pocket is used?
B. Is the leather dyed or painted?
C. Does the color of the pocket coordinate with the finish of the table?
D. Do the pockets have a decorative fringe or a solid shield on the outside of the pocket?
SIZE
The first thing that you must determine is what size table you wish to
purchase. Sometimes, this will be decided by your room dimensions, and
other times it may be decided by the intended use of your table. Although
pool tables are commonly referred to as 4' x 8' or 4 1/2' x 9', the table itself
will not measure those dimensions.
Tables come in four different sizes:
| Common Size |
Actual Playing Surface |
Outside Dimension |
| 3 1/2' x 7' |
38" x 76" |
52" x 91" |
| 4' x 8' |
44" x 88" |
57" x 101" |
| 4' x 8' Oversized |
46" x 92" |
59" x 105" |
| 4 1/2' x 9' |
50" x 100" |
63" x 113" |
When deciding what size table to buy, most people will incorrectly want to
know the outside measurements of the pool table. While there is nothing
wrong with having this information, it is more important to consider the playing
surface measurements. The shots always come from within those dimensions.
You then allow room around the playing surface for cue stick clearance. If
you have room for your cue sticks, you will have plenty of room to walk and move
around your new pool table. (Use the following chart to help determine the
room necessary for your cue sticks.) Here are some questions to help you in making
these decisions.

- How big is the room in which I wish to place the table?
This is the most important question you can answer prior to
shopping for a pool table. Many people think they have plenty of room
for a pool table, only to find, after delivery, that they actually do not
have enough room to play around the table.
- What size table do I have room for?
Refer to the room dimensions chart to make this determination.
- What size table do I wish to own?
Now that you have determined what size table your room will
handle, you must decide if you wish to go with the largest possible table.
This is recommended, since the larger the table, the more challenging the
game will remain after you have honed your skills. Also, if your room
is large enough to handle a 9' table, then that will fill your room the best
proportionately.
STYLE / WOOD TYPE
There are several factors to consider when deciding what style of table you
wish to purchase. Ask yourself the following questions.
Am I buying this table:
- For the kids to use?
If you are buying the table mainly to entertain the kids, then
the styling may not be as important as the quality.
- For the adults to use?
If mainly the adults will use the table, then you may want the
largest size available to you along with the fancier styling.
- As a piece of furniture for the home?
If you are buying the table as a piece of furniture for your
home, then obviously, you will want to get the most attractive table that
your budget will allow.
Your answer may actually be a combination of all three. That is OK;
tailor your table to your own desires.
The next question to ask yourself is,
"What wood type and /or wood stain would be best in my room?"
Tables are generally produced from three different types of materials.
These include, but are not limited to:
- Mica laminate or vinyl melamine coating
These types of tables generally make up your least expensive
price range of tables. They usually have particle board underneath the
surface material and are not manufactured to as high of a standard as more
expensive tables. This type of table usually uses only 3/4" unframed
slate, a lesser quality leather or plastic pockets, and does not have the
styling of more expensive tables. Mica or vinyl tables cannot be
stained and therefore come only in certain colors. If you were looking
for a table to last only for a few years, this would be a good choice.
- Veneer laminates
This type of table will have a veneer laminate over another type
of wood. This underlying wood may be made of particle board, MDF
board, or laminated layers of solid wood. If the table has solid wood
laminates under the veneer, then you should not have to worry about the
veneers peeling or bubbling. This type of table usually has 3/4" to 1"
slate, which may, or may not, be framed. It may still use the lesser
expensive leather pockets or it may have the best leather pockets.
Since veneer can be stained, you usually have more choices as to the
finished color of the wood
- Solid wood
The best-built tables on the market will use solid wood for
ALL of the wood components. They range in style from simple to
very fancy and are made in a wide range of wood types. Some of the
more common types of wood are Oak, Maple, Cherry, Ash, Poplar, and Mahogany.
In addition to many wood types, there are also many finishes available on
each of these woods. The slate on these tables will vary from 3/4"
with some manufacturers to 1" with others. The framing on the slate
can vary from non-existent, to particle board, to solid wood. 1" slate
with solid-wood framing would be the best choice.
BUYER BEWARE: As a consumer you should be aware that many times
when a salesperson refers to a table as a "cherry" or "mahogany" table, they
are simply referring to the wood type and finish.
QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION
Now that you have decided what size table and what wood type you prefer, it
is time to investigate how good the table that you are about to purchase is.
There are many factors involved with the quality of a pool table. How well
your pool table is built will have a direct impact on how well your table will
play. The areas that you need to look hard at include; slate, rail
construction, cushions, frame construction, pockets, and aprons.
- SLATE
A. How many pieces?
Slate can come in
either a 1-piece section or a 3-piece set
I.
1-piece slate is very cumbersome and difficult to level
because it covers such a large expanse of space.
It is generally only 1/2" in thickness and does not have any guarantees
concerning the level. The most
common place that 1 piece slate can be found is on coin-operated, or very
inexpensive tables.
II.
3-piece slate is the best type of slate because it
allows for more precise leveling. With three different
sections of slate, each can be leveled individually to achieve a perfect
level.
This, of course, will allow your table to play better. 3 piece slate
is available in several different
thickness including, 3/4", 7/8", and 1".
B. How thick is the slate?
This is one of the
most important questions to ask about slate. The Billiard Congress of
America (BCA)
requires that the slate on tournament
tables be 1" thick and 3 pieces.
I.
3/4" slate, when in the 3 pc. configuration, is
generally used to give the convenience of leveling and
handling while keeping the cost of the table as low as possible. This
slate is usually, but not always, used
on less expensive tables.
II.
7/8" slate is often used as a substitute for true 1"
slate. It comes only in three pieces and it is hard for
the untrained eye to tell the difference between 7/8" and 1". A table
with this slate should be a little less
expensive than a table with 1" slate. This can also be a good
indicator that a manufacturer is trying to
save money on the construction of the table.
III.
1" thick slate is the only slate approved by the BCA for
tournament use. It comes only in 3 pieces. It
will provide the truest and most accurate play of any of the three slate
thicknesses. It is the very best
slate, as it is the only slate guaranteed by the slate mines not to warp.
Although it is only slightly more
expensive than 7/8", it is 12.5% heavier in total weight. It is
important to note that the weight of the table
will have direct impact on how true a ball rolls and rebounds
C. Is the slate framed or
unframed?
Slate can come either with a wood framing attached directly to the bottom of
each piece of slate or without
any slate
framing at all. The BCA requires that all slate be framed with a wood
framing attached directly to
the slate.
Since the cloth on a pool table generally covers the slate, it is necessary
to ask specific questions
about slate
framing.
I.
Unframed slate will sit directly on the frame of the
table. Some companies are now using a "slate
frame liner" which is a horizontal board attached directly to the top of the
table frame, not the slate. The
slate then lies directly on that board. One problem with this is that
when shims are used to level this type
of table, the slate becomes separated from the board. A more serious
problem is that the slate is only
screwed to the board instead of directly to the table frame.
II.
Framed slate would have a wood liner attached directly
to the bottom of each piece of slate. This
wood is commonly made of particle board, plywood, or solid wood. One
purpose for the framing on the
slate is to give a solid, secure location for stapling down the cloth.
The best type of wood for this is solid
wood, as it will hold staples much better than the alternatives.
D. How is the slate attached to
the table?
The slate should be screwed directly to the wood frame of the table.
In addition to screws around the perimeter of the slate, there should be
screws located on both sides of each slate joint in the middle of the
playing surface. These are referred to as "center slate screws".
this helps eliminate any movement of the slate if the table settles over
time. the center slate screws also give one additional attachment
point for use in leveling.
SLATE SUMMARY
There are many variations when it comes to the type of slate available on your
pool table. The best way to
distinguish
between these variations is to refer to the BCA Rule Book's requirement for
tournament play. The BCA
specifically
states that the slateshould be '1" thick, 3 piece slate,
with a wooden frame
attached
directly to the slate'. With this being such an important part of your
table, you should be very wary of
manufacturers
who are willing to make sacrifices in this area.
- RAIL CONSTRUCTION
The rail construction is the "heartbeat" of your pool table.
The rail is made up of three main sections; the cushion, the sub rail, and
the rail cap. All three parts work together to make the perfect rail.
A. TYPE OF CUSHIONS
The cushions are the
most critical aspect of the rail system. In order for a pool table to
be tournament approved, the Billiard Congress of America requires that "Rubber
cushions should be triangular in shape and molded with conventional K-66
profile with a base height of 1 3/16" and a nose height of 1", with
control fabric molded to the top and base area of the cushion."
Look for all of the following features to be sure you are buying the best
table on the market.
I. K-66
STYLE CUSHIONS are required and approved by the BCA for
tournament play. They are time tested for correct speed and accuracy.

II. Live Gum
Rubber Cushions. Be sure that the table you are buying has
"live gum rubber" cushions. These will provide the very best play of
any in the industry. The higher the % of live gum rubber, the more
consistent the rebound will remain.
III. Control fabric
should be molded into the top of the rubber with approx. 3/16" of nose
cushion exposed.
This
allows the ball to rebound with the same accurate and uniform speed, no
matter where the ball strikes
the
cushion. Not all tables have control fabric on the top of the cushion,
so be sure to ask about this.

IV. Live air space,
is a space that exists on the back of the cushion where it is glued to the
sub rail. It assists
the cushion in its ability to control the speed and accuracy of the ball.
It also allows the cushion to breath
from the front to back, maintaining rubber consistency. Without this
live air space, the cushion will harden
due to its inability to breath.

V. BCA Standards:
Make sure that your table meets or exceeds all tournament standards set
forth by the
BCA
B. SUB RAIL
The rail liner or
"sub rail" is the part of the rail that you cannot see once your table is
assembled. It is what the
rubber is actually attached to and it
is the part of the rail that comes in contact with the slate and allows the
rails
to be fastened to the slate.
What mechanism is used to fasten the rails to the slate is critical on your
new table.
The tighter the rails are fastened to
the slate, the better the table will play.
I.
Solid wood sub rail: this will allow for the most
accurate rebound available. Some manufacturers may
use particle board for their sub rail, so be sure to check closely before
buying a table.
II.
How are these rails bolted to the slate? There are
several ways in which the rails can be fastened to
the slate. The quality of these can be extremely important to the play
of your table.

1. "T-Nut Attachment" is the most secure
method of fastening the rails to the slate. T-Nuts are
permanently
embedded into the rails, giving perfect alignment, and cannot come loose
from over
tightening. They have over twice the threads for securing the bolt
compared to nut plates. These
features allow for maximum torque on the connecting bolts making the rails
as tight as possible.
T-nuts can come in different sizes, so be sure that if the table you are
considering uses "T-Nuts",
you check to see that they are 3/8" in diameter for best results.
2. "Floating nut plates" have become
a very common form of securing the rails. This method
literally has a nut plate in the rail, which is not secured, and actually
moves around until fastened
with a bold. This can create a problem with the nut hole in the plate
being aligned incorrectly and
causing the rail bolts to become cross-threaded.
III.
What types of washers are used on the rail bolts?
The rail bolt goes from under the slate in an
upward direction into the rail. How the washer meets the underside of
the slate is an important
question to be asked. If the table has wood framing on the slate, then
there should be a hole in the
wood larger than the rail bolt hole in the slate. Then, the washer
should fit flat against the slate. The
reason for this is that wood can be compressed from the tightening of the
rail bolt. The best type of
washer would be a dome washer. As the rail bolt is tightened, the
washer then flattens against the slate,
creating the most secure form of attachment.
IV.
How is the cloth attached to the bottom of the rail?
The cloth that covers the cushions will be
stapled to the bottom of the sub rail. it is important that the
manufacturer provides a recessed area for
those staples to be attached. This area is called a tack strip.
Without a tack strip, the staples will
prevent the rails from sitting flat on the slate and therefore will change
the angle and raise the height of
the cushion. This will cause the rebound of your table to seem very
slow or "dead".

C. RAIL CAP
This is the wood section of the rail that is
visible and affects the looks of your pool table. It should be made of
a hardwood due to the scratching which can occur from cues being scraped
across the rail. It is also the part of the rail that can add to the
beauty of your table.
I.
What type of material are the caps made of?
The rail caps on a pool table can be made of solid wood, mica laminate, or
vinyl melamine covering.
1. Vinyl laminate will only be used by the
very least expensive tables on the market. If torn or
scratched, they are not repairable.
2. While mica is the most durable, it will
only be used on inexpensive furniture style tables, or very
expensive, commercially designed tables.
3. The solid wood rail cap will combine
durability with the most beautiful look to enhance the
furniture appeal of your pool table. One benefit of solid wood is that
it can be refinished if
scarring does develop over a period of many years.
II.
Rail profiles refer to the actual shape of the rail cap.

1. Commercial profile
rails are very wide and have corners that contain plastic
pockets. These
are used on commercial tables or very low priced home tables.
2. Standard profile rails are the
most common type of rail. These rails use leather pockets and
have a straight edge on the rail between the pockets. The total width
of a rail with this type of
profile will average about 4 3/4".
3. Wide profile rails will be
slightly larger than the standard profile. They will typically measure
from 5 1/2" - 6 1/2" in total width. The advantage is that you have a
larger area to place your
hand for bridging and they create a much nicer piece of furniture for your
home.
III.
SIGHTS The sights are the markers on top of the rails.
Sights are used for reference points on the table
for aiming. They will either be round or diamond shaped. Even
though they do not structurally impact
the table, they do affect the overall furniture appeal of your pool table.
The sights can either be placed in
the rails before the rails are sanded and stained or after the finishing
process is complete.
1. Round sights or diamond shaped sights.
Most pool tables will come with a round sight as the
standard style. These manufacturers will then offer the diamond sight
as an option, for an
additional charge. There are a select few manufacturers who will
actually give the diamond shaped
sight as their standard style sight. While either style will serve the
same purpose, the diamond sight
will create the more expensive furniture look.
2. Pre-finished sights versus post-finished
sights. Pre-finished sights are ones that are placed in
the rails prior to the wood having any finish applied. Post-finish
sights are sights that are placed in
the rails after the rails have passed through the finish process. Once
again, even though neither
process creates any structural advantage, the pre-finish sights are a much
more difficult step. If the
sights are already in place when the rails are stained, then that sight is
going to absorb the color of
the stain. Once this happens, each sight must then be cleaned
individually, while in the rail, to
remove the stain. The reason that a manufacturer would go through this
trouble is to create that
fine furniture look and feel. you can tell which process was used on a
table simply by running your
finger over the sight. A pre-finished sight will feel so smooth that
you might not even be able to tell
it is there, with your eyes closed. A post-finished sight will have
very defined edges to the fingers.
The reason that this is so obvious is that a pre-finished sight is sanded
smooth as part of the rail
system.
D. FRAME CONSTRUCTION
There are two types of frames most commonly
used in the pool table industry, tapered and straight. Each style is
unique in the way that it is built, but both are of equal
strength and stability.
I.
TAPERED FRAMES
Tapered frame tables are defined as those tables which have a frame which
tapers from top to bottom.
The legs are then attached to the underside of the frame. There are
many variations in the way
manufacturers will produce this type of frame so it is very important that
you investigate each table very
carefully.
1. How is the corner bracing constructed?

Solid wood corner bracing is the least common, but most effective
way to build a tapered frame
table. By using all wood bracing in the corners, the table becomes
extremely stable and structurally
sound for supporting the weight of the slate. The legs are attached to
wood leg blocks, which are
built into the corner of the table. The frame is factory assembled and
usually pre-checked for level.
The table will not wobble when bumped strongly with the hip. One thing
you may need to check on
this table is whether the frame is made in such a way as to allow it to be
taken apart, for access
around tight corners, when being installed
Metal, angle iron bracing is the most common form of corner
bracing used in tapered cabinets.
This is the quickest and least expensive way to produce a pool table.
It is not, however, the most
effective. When the frame is compressed between the weight of the
slate and the legs, it creates an
extreme amount of stress on the corner. Usually the angle iron is of a
very light weight material and
is attached to the frame using wood screws. This corner brace then
flattens at the bottom to allow
the leg to be attached to the metal bracket.. If you plan to move your
table very often this can cause
a problem because, each time you remove the screws the integrity of that
corner is weakened. The
convenience of this type of frame is that it takes less space for storage
and shipping. these
conveniences are most noticed by the dealer.
2. How are the legs attached to the frame?
There are three methods routinely used to fasten the leg to the corner brace
or leg block
Embedded "T-Nuts" involves drilling a hole in the top
of the leg and then inserting a plug with a 't-
nut' embedded in the bottom of that plug. The plug is glued into the
leg and held in place with cross-
pinning dowels to allow the legs to be bolted to the frame with 3/8"
bolts.
Using lag bolts involves inserting a wood screw into
the leg with the threaded end protruding from
the leg. A nut is then used to fasten the frame to the leg.
Using threaded inserts is a method that involves
drilling a hole in the leg and then screwing an
aluminum barrel into the leg with threads on the inside of the barrel.
There is one very glaring
problem with this method. If the installer over-tightens the bolt, the
barrel will unscrew from the leg.
3. Does this table have corner caps on the
corners?
While you have to crawl under the table to see what kind of bracing is used
in the frame, an
indication can be found on the outside of each corner, which covers the gap
between the side frame
and the end frame. A cabinet made with solid wood bracing will likely
have mitered corners. The
mitered corners give a finished furniture quality look to the table.
4. What type of material are the beams made of?
Since the beam construction is an extremely important part of the
construction, only the best
materials should be used. you will find tables that have plywood beams
and tables that have solid
wood beams. Solid wood is the most stable material and is what you
should require in your table.
5. How thick are the beams?
The thickness of the beams can vary from only 1/2" thick up to 2" thick.
The thicker the beam, the
stronger the support. One of the best combinations of size is 2" x 6"
made of solid wood.
6. Does the table have a beam running the length
of the table?
While most table manufacturers place cross beams in their pool tables, only
the better quality tables
will have a beam running the length of the frame. This beam is
referred to as the "center beam" and
provides added support to the entire frame structure. This beam helps
stabilize the frame as well as
adding additional slate leveling contact points.
7. Is the wood on the underside of the frame
sealed against moisture?
You should be able to answer this question by simply looking at the
underside of the table. if the
beams and the backside of the frame is raw wood, then the table has not been
sealed. The sealing
process is important in that it will help prevent the wood from absorbing
moisture from the air. Any
time you have moisture moving in and out of wood it can create problems.
II.
STRAIGHT FRAME STYLE TABLES
Straight frame style tables are identified by the frame being mostly
vertical as opposed to tapered. The
legs will actually extend all the way to the top of the frame and will have
the slate resting directly on the
legs. The frame section will then bolt directly into the sides of the
legs. Many of the questions that should
be asked about the frame construction for this type of frame are the same as
the ones asked concerning
the tapered frame.

1. What type of material are the beams made of?
2. How thick are the beams?
3. Does the table have a beam running the length
of the table?
4. Is the wood on the underside of the frame
sealed against moisture?
- APRONS
The apron, also known as the skirt, is the wood, which mounts
vertically from the rail. The purpose of the apron is to cover the raw
edge of the slate and the staples, which attach the cloth to the slate.
If not properly attached, the apron can be pulled off or broken off of many
brands of table very easily. Although, the apron does not affect the
structural integrity of the table, there are some key questions to ask when
choosing the table.
A. How thick is the material used for the aprons?
The thickness of the
material used in the aprons can vary from 1/4" up to 3/4". The thicker
the material, the
harder it is for it to get broken.
B. How do the aprons mount to the table?
I. Interlocking aprons: One way
of attaching the apron is for it to interlock with a channel cut into the
rail. This allows for the apron to align perfectly and have a
furniture quality joint. It also creates a
stronger joint to protect against the apron being broken by someone pulling
against it.
II.
Factory mounted aprons: These aprons will come
already attached to the rails. many installers find
these to be more troublesome to work with when trying to cover the rails and
pack your table for
relocating.
C. Are the aprons screwed into the rail, or do they
use mounting blocks / brackets?
I. Screwed directly into the rail:
One way of attaching the aprons is to simply run a screw horizontally
from the outside directly through the apron and into the rail. While
this is the quickest and least
expensive, the apron can be broken off the table very easily. This
also leaves screw heads showing on
your fine piece of furniture.
II.
Attached via mounting blocks or brackets: This
method involves a block or bracket mounted to the
backside of the apron. The screw then goes vertically, directly into
the framing on the underside of the
slate. This method creates a very strong joint and does not leave any
exposed screws. If a mounting
block is used, it should be attached to the apron with wood glue and staples
and interlocked on the
backside of the apron. the mounting block is the most solid, yet also
the most time consuming and costly
process. When the mounting block is combined with the interlocking
rail you have the very best of both
types of attachment.
- POCKETS
Pockets can come in several varieties. They can be plastic
or leather, enclosed or exposed, and they can affect the way your table will
play. you need to investigate which type of pockets a table has as
part of the buying process.
A. What style of pocket is used?
There are basically
three types of pockets used in the industry today. Each is unique in
the way it mounts to the
table.
I.
#6 and #3 Pockets both have the pocket cover wrapped
around a metal iron that forms the shape of
the pocket. the #6 has pins that insert into the end of each rail.
A bolt is then inserted from the
underside of the rail to secure the pocket. The #3 has pins which
usually flush mount to the top of the
rail. Many antique tables have #3 pockets. Both of these style
pockets are exposed to the eye when
looking at the table. They actually form a joint, which connects the
rails. Because of the shape of the
iron, they will play better than other style pockets.
Does this pocket use "cast iron" or "aluminum" to form the
irons?
Cast iron pockets are the strongest type of pocket made in the industry.
They are extremely heavy and
are the least likely to be broken from people sitting on the corner pocket
of the table. The weight of
the cast iron pocket adds to the playability of the table. The
aluminum iron is very light in weight and
can be easily broken. This is a question that you must ask to get the
correct answer. you cannot
identify the difference unless you can pickup a pocket in your hand.
II.
Enclosed pockets are the third type of pocket. It
is totally enclosed within the rail system. The pocket
is actually inserted within a cutout inside the rail. It is usually
used on very inexpensive style tables,
commercial style tables, or modern style tables. These pockets are
generally made of plastic or rubber,
but may be leather on more expensive tables.
B. Is the leather dyed or painted?
If the table you are
looking at has leather pockets, then you need to determine whether the
leather is dyed or
painted. If the color of the
leather is painted, it will scuff very easily when a cue stick is drug
across the top of
the pocket. This will result in
your tables looking very worn in a very short period of time. dyed
leather will
help eliminate this problem because
the dying process penetrates the surface of the leather.
C. Does the color of the pocket coordinate with the
finish of the table?
Today, pool tables
are considered a piece of furniture. Along those lines, everything on
the table should
coordinate. This includes the
pockets. Many table manufacturers will use one standard color of
pocket
(usually black) for all of their
finishes. Other manufacturers will color coordinate the pocket color
with the
finish.
D. Do the pockets have a decorative fringe or a
solid shield on the outside of the pocket?
The purpose of the
fringe or shield is to cover part of the webbing in the pocket and to give
the pocket a more
finished look. whether you
prefer fringe on your pocket or a shield, is up to your personal preference.
In
general, you should expect to pay
more for a shield pocket.
SUMMARY
You are about to make a major purchase. you should
assume that if the table you purchase will last the rest of your life.
Take the time to compare tables from several different manufacturers and be sure
that you are getting the best quality table that your budget will allow.
Armed with a little knowledge, you should be able to ask the right questions and
make the best choice yourself.
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